TLC Drugs Review

Amoxicillin
-penicillin class
-used with clavulante (beta lactamase inhibitor)
-used for pneumonia
-used for sinusitis
-used for dental abscess
-2nd line for scarlet fever
-2nd line for otitis media
-2nd UTI
-adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions, C. diff infection

Clarithromycin
-used for pneumonia
-used for pertussis (Whooping cough and caused by Bordetella pertussis)
-2nd line for scarlet fever
-2nd line for otitis media

Ciprofloxacin
-fluoroquinolones
-used for otitis externa
-used for dysentery (bloody and mucous stools)
-used for cholera (rice water stools)
-used for UTI
-avoid if tendon problems, muscle disorders, antacids
-not used in children because of deposition

Penicillin V
-scarlet fever

Cefalexin
-2nd line for otitis media

Metronidazole
-used for giardiasis (water and fishy smelling diarrhea )
-2nd line for dysentry

Azithromycin
-used for typhoid fever

H. pylori gastritis
1st line: amoxicillin + metronidazole + omeprazole
2nd line: clarithromycin + metronidazole + omeprazole

Cloxacillin
-used for cellulitis
-used for impetigo
-used for puncture wounds

Vaginal Infection
thrush: flucanozole
bacterial infection: metronidazole
STI: ciprofloxacin + doxycycline
STI (pregnant): cefixime + erythromycin

Conjunctivitis
-cefotaxime + erythromycin

Periorbital/orbital cellulitis
-co-amoxiclav + chloraphenicol

Antacids
-neutralize stomach acid
-used for heartburn, upset stomach, indigestion, GERD
-Mylanta (AlOH2)

Omeprazole
-PPI (proton pump inhibitors)
-used for GERD and gastric ulcers
-adverse affects include risk of fractures

Metformin 
-used for Type 2 DM
-decrease liver glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity
-avoid if kidney problems or ketoacidosis
-overdose can cause lactic acidosis

Amlodipine
-Ca2+ channel blocker
-dilates blood vessels
-used for hypertension
-also used for angina and coronary artery disease
-avoid if liver problems and aortic stenosis

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
-statin
-decrease production of cholesterol via inhibition of HMG CoA reducatse in liver
-used in dyslipidemia and prevention of CVD

Chlorpheniramine
-1st gen antihistamine

Cetirizine (zyrtec)
-2nd gen antihistamine

SOAP Note Abbreviations

HEENT
normocephalic atraumatic NCAT
extra ocular movements intact EOMI
pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodation PERRLA
tympanic membrane intact TMI
septum and turbinates normal

CARDIO
regular rate and rhythm RRR
normal heart sounds S1, S2, no murmurs, gallops, or rubs

LUNGS
clear to auscultation CTA
normal lung sounds no wheezes, rhonchi, or rales

ABDOMEN
positive bowel sounds + BS
distended, non-tender
hepatospenomegaly
masses

BACK
spine
CVA tenderness

MSK
range of motion ROM
5/5 muscle strength
gait

EXTREMITIES
cyanosis
deformities
edema

NEURO
CN 2-12
Romberg
Pronator drift
tandem walking
sensation
deep tendon reflexes DTR

SPECIAL TESTS
straight leg raise SLR
urinary analysis UA
ultrasound US

DRUGS
once a day qd
twice a day bid
every 2 hours q2h
every 12 hours q12h
every night qhs
as needed prn